Cracking hydrocarbons edexcel gcse chemistry revision notes. Gcse science chemistry 91 crude oil and hydrocarbons. During combustion, the and in the fuels are oxidised. Why is porous pot catalyst used in cracking hydrocarbons. Petroleum as a source of hydrocarbons by fractional distillation and cracking. The carbon atoms in these molecules are joined together in chains and rings. Cracking meaning types of cracking organic chemistry. Theyre found in crude oil and have many uses, from fuel to construction materials. Index of oil and organic chemistry gcseigcseo level. To do well in gcse science, year 10 and year 11 students will need to know what hydrocarbons and alkenes are. Gcse chemistry what is the cracking of hydrocarbons. Petroleum as a source of hydrocarbons by fractional. Chemistry revision notes on the topic cracking hydrocarbons.
Ks4 aqa gcse chemistry science cracking hydrocarbons. A feedstock is a raw material used to provide reactants for an industrial reaction. Gcse chemistry revision covering cracking and its products, hydrocarbons, catalyst, thermal decomposition, alkanes, single covalent bonds, alkenes, double covalent bonds, and cracking paraffin. Model the industrial process of cracking larger hydrocarbons to produce. It is caused by the breaking of carboncarbon bonds. Describe how increasing molecular size of hydrocarbons.
Cracking, in petroleum refining, the process by which heavy hydrocarbon molecules are broken up into lighter molecules by means of heat and usually pressure and sometimes catalysts. Cracking is a reaction in which larger saturated hydrocarbon molecules are broken down into smaller, more useful hydrocarbon molecules, some of which are unsaturated. We crack alkanes because the shorter chain alkanes are more valuable they. In this video, we look at how cracking is used to convert longchain hydrocarbons into shorterchain hydrocarbons. The lungs quiz states of matter quiz atomic structure quiz gcse biology sample animations and quizzes animal and plant cells quiz balanced diet quiz the blood quiz testing a leaf for starch quiz fertilisation quiz the ear quiz kidneys quiz structure of dna quiz gaseous exchange quiz. Gcse chemistry revision questions fossil fuels crude.
Cracking is defined as a process, wherein complex organic molecules namely long chain hydrocarbons or kerogens are broken down into smaller molecules namely light hydrocarbons. This means that large hydrocarbon molecules break into smaller molecules when they are heated. Because there is a high demand for fuels and some of the products of cracking are useful as fuels. Give an example of a method by which cracking can be carried out. We look at how crude oil is formed and then look at hydrocarbon molecules, specifically the alkanes. Index of pages on oil, its many useful products, environmental problems and an introduction to organic chemistry doc browns revision notes for gcse, igcse, o level, ks4 science chemistry courses the organic chemistry of carbon compounds is so important that it forms a separate branch of chemistry. Gcse chemistry revision organic chemistry crude oil. Cracking oil fractions reaction conditions products equations. Gcse 91 sciences syllabusspecification help links for biology chemistry physics. Cracking is the process of converting alkanes into alkenes and shorter alkanes. We explore the general formula of alkanes and how this is used. The journey of a hydrocarbon combustion, polymers and cracking. Revision notes on alcohols in chemistry, physical properties of alcohols like ethanol, uses of alcohols like ethanol, chemical reactions of alcohols, help when revising for aqa gcse chemistry, edexcel gcse. Cracking is used to convert long alkanes into shorter, more useful hydrocarbons.
Science and maths by primrose kitten 461,182 views 48. Bp educational service hydrocarbons from crude oil. Short, engaging multimedia learning materials on the topic of hydrocarbons from crude oil, putting science in a reallife context. What substance is used to test for an unsaturated hydrocarbon. Written by teachers for the edexcel igcse chemistry course. Free gcse chemistry science cracking hydrocarbons practice. Cracking oil and cracking gcse chemistry single science. You need to know about alkanes, alkenes, crude oil and the process of cracking. Some of the large hydrocarbons the heavier fractions are broken down into more useful smaller hydrocarbons lighter fractions by a process known as cracking. Please comment if you have any questions, and subscribe if you.
Organic chemistry now forms a substantial part of the gcse specifications. Sep 26, 2019 free gcse chemistry science cracking hydrocarbons practice exam. This is needed for aqa, ocr and edexcel gcse science students revising for their gcse science exam. Targeted towards aqa c1 topic 5 but suitable for edexcel and other exam boards too. The best way to remember the information in this chapter is to get a pen and paper and write down your answers before clicking on the answer link which will take you to the correct page you may have to read through some of the page before you find the answer. Have a go at this interactive aqa syllabus a quiz and revise what youve learned about their chemistry. Students use a series of images to describe the journey of a hydrocarbon. Organic chemistry teaching resources the science teacher. If the answer you have written is not right, change it. Designed by expert teachers for the edexcel gcse 91 chemistry syllabus. The cracking of hydrocarbons can make alkanes and one other type of chemical. Cracking breaks longchain hydrocarbons into short chain hydrocarbons which are more useful. The chemistry of cracking results in the formation. This lesson is designed for the new aqa trilogy chemistry gcse, particularly the organic chemistry sow.
What conditions are needed for cracking of large hydrocarbons. Cracking hydrocarbons in liquid paraffin with a catalyst. Alkenes are a family of hydrocarbon compounds with the general formula c nh 2n, for example, c2h4 ethene. This resource is a broken down practice exam question to help improve exam technique when answering exam questions on cracking hydrocarbons. The fractional distillation of crude oil produces alkanes. Process of blowing steam through a mixture to vaporise volatile substances used to extract essential oils from flowers. The whole of aqa chemistry paper 2 or c2 in only 48 minutes 91 gcse chemistry revision duration. What three properties of hydrocarbon change as the size of the molecule increase. This video prepares students for gcse higher tier science. This resource is a lesson with activities covering the cracking hydrocarbons section of the 2015 aqa gcse chemistry specification.
A hydrocarbons are broken down 1 mark to produce smaller more useful molecules 1 mark. Model the industrial process of cracking larger hydrocarbons to produce smaller alkanes that can be converted into petrol. Cracking hydrocarbon chains will be expected for all three exam boards which are aqa, edexcel and ocr. Cracking hydrocarbon chains will be expected for all three exam boards which are. Firstly, students asked to think about a question that oil companies face what to do with longer chain hydrocarbons which are in less demand than smaller chain hydrcarbons. First, crack the vapour of liquid paraffin by passing it over a heated catalyst to produce and collect a mixture of gaseous shortchain hydrocarbons. Cracking hydrocarbons by mixing with steam and heating. Do not forget the word only at the end since crude oil is a mixture of different hydrocarbon compounds. During cracking, hydrocarbons are often passed over a substance so that they break apart. Products of cracking hydrocarbons the products of catalytic cracking include smaller alkanes and alkenes. The porous pot that is used in a lab, is used to facilitate the cracking process during heating, the porous pot is used as a catalyst to speed up the cracking process. After the fractional distillation of crude oil there are too many large hydrocarbons and not enough small hydrocarbons to meet the publics demand.
Petrol and other fuels are produced from it using fractional distillation. Cracking of hydrocarbons involves thermal decomposition. The hydrocarbons are boiled and the hydrocarbon gases are either mixed with steam and heated to a very high temperature or passed over a hot powdered aluminium. Cracking hydrocarbons in liquid paraffin with a catalyst resource. Please remember to leave feedback, for updates and promotions you can also follow me here. Gcse chemistry what is the chemistry of the cracking of. Learn about crude oil, hydrocarbons and alkanes with bitesize gcse chemistry aqa.
Alcohols ethanol manufacture fermentation physical. The rate of catalyst greatly depends upon the factors such as the presence of catalyst and temperature. There is a greater demand for smaller hydrocarbons than larger ones. Crude oil is a mixture of substances which are mostly hydrocarbons a hydrocarbon is a compound containing hydrogen and carbon only remember the above sentence, you will probably need it in the exam. Explain how cracking involves the breaking down of larger, saturated hydrocarbon molecules alkanes into smaller, more useful ones, some of. Gcse chemistry revision science section covering cracking and its products, hydrocarbons, catalyst, thermal decomposition, alkanes, single and double covalent bonds, and cracking paraffin. Learn about fuels from crude oil with bitesize gcse combined science ocr gateway. It helps students make links and understand how the processes of cracking, fractional distillation, combustion, polymerisation and global warming fit together. What is the chemistry of the cracking of hydrocarbons cracking of hydrocarbons involves thermal decomposition. Balance the equation for the complete combustion of this hydrocarbon. Cracking and alkenes crude oil, hydrocarbons and alkanes.
The complete combustion of a hydrocarbon produces and. See also the dehydration of ethanol to produce ethene. In the long term, as oil reserves decrease, the production of ethene from cracking oil hydrocarbons may become increasingly costly. Cracking is the most important process for the commercial production of gasoline and diesel fuel. Cracking and alkenes crude oil, hydrocarbons and alkanes aqa. Gcse c1a alkane alkene revision flashcards quizlet. Cracking hydrocarbons part 2, gcse science chemistry. Crude oil and hydrocarbons crude oil, hydrocarbons and. Fuels made from oil mixtures containing large hydrocarbon. In the ball and stick models below, carbon atoms are black and hydrogen atoms are white.
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